Evaluation of the cellulolytic capacity of Ascobolus furfuraceus (Fungi, Ascomycotina)

Growth kinetic variables (dry weight, mycelial protein, extracellular protein and pH evolution) were measured in Ascobolus furfuraceus cultures either with soluble cellulose (CMC) or crystalline cellulose as only carbon sources. When growing on CMC the mycelial protein production reached a maximum at 14 days, while the extracellular protein was maximal at 17 days. On crystalline cellulose more delay was observed (4 and 14 days, respectively). Straight lineal correspondence (r = 0.9883) was observed between the extracellular protein production and enzymatic activity kinetics, showing parallel behavior of these variables. When the biomass and extracellular protein production rates were analysed, the maxima were observed at diverse growth stages. For CMC, the dry weight production rythm precedes the cellulolytic system liberation rythm (maxima at 9 and 14 days, respectively). When crystalline cellulose was the substrate, the maximal rates were inverse, 16th day for biomass production rythm and 12th day for enzyme release rythm. On the basis of such tests and analyses, a model to explain cellulose degration by A. furfuraceus, is proposed.     

Effect of magnesium sulphate on adriamycin-induced clastogenic and biochemical changes in Swiss albino mice

Magnesium sulphate (magnesium), an essential anti-oxidant macromineral, was evaluated for its effects on the clastogenic and biochemical changes induced by Adriamycin (ADM) in Swiss albino mice. Male mice were treated orally with different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight/day) of magnesium sulphate for 7 days. Some of these mice were injected intraperitoneally with ADM (8 mg/kg body weight). Multiple sampling (12, 24 and 48 h) were carried out after the last treatment in different experiments. The animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia. The concentrations of magnesium were determined in plasma and liver tissue. Femoral marrow cells were collected and screened for the frequency of micronuclei and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes. Furthermore the proteins, nucleic acids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein sulphydryl (NPSH) levels were estimated in hepatic cells. The magnesium sulphate treatment did not affect the magnesium concentrations in plasma and liver tissue. The treatment also failed to cause any significant clastogenic, cytotoxic and biochemical changes. Pretreatment with magnesium sulphate showed no alterations in plasma and hepatic tissue levels of magnesium. Nevertheless the pretreatment was found to inhibit the ADM-induced micronuclei without any alteration in its therapeutic efficacy. The proteins, DNA, RNA and MDA levels in the hepatic cells of these animals were increased and the NPSH concentrations were reduced. The anticlastogenic nature of magnesium sulphate appears to be related to its pretreatment which might have averted the free-radical-mediated pathogenesis induced by ADM.     

Short duration of neutralizing antibody titers after pre-exposure rabies vaccination with suckling mouse brain vaccine

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 mutant that is unable to produce membrane lipoproteins has reduced susceptibility to complement-mediated killing, and to characterize the mutant strain. SAMPLE POPULATION: 12 sera from cattle resistant to P haemolytica challenge exposure after vaccination with P haemolytica or its antigens, or after natural exposure. PROCEDURES: Complement-mediated killing assays were performed, using wild-type and mutant strains and, as antibody source, various immune sera from cattle that were resistant to P haemolytica challenge exposure. Antibody response to whole-cell antigens produced by mutant and wild-type strains, production of outer membrane proteins and iron-regulated outer membrane proteins by the 2 strains, and growth of the 2 strains in various media were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with wild-type P haemolytica, the lipoprotein mutant strain had increased susceptibility to bovine complement-mediated killing. Aside from the lipoproteins that are not produced by the mutant, immunoblot analysis did not reveal differences between immunoreactive antigens that are produced by the 2 strains. Some iron-regulated, outer membrane proteins, which usually are only produced by P haemolytica under iron-deficient conditions, were produced constitutively by the mutant. The mutant grew to a lower final cell density and at a lower rate under conditions likely to reflect those encountered in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of 3 membrane lipoproteins resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bovine complement-mediated killing. Site-specific mutagenesis of genes encoding P haemolytica membrane lipoproteins alters production of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins by P haemolytica. Growth characteristics of the mutant suggested that it may have reduced capacity for survival in vivo.     

Effect of clonidine on changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations and oxygen consumption caused by the cold pressor test

A range of different drugs can cause renal problems, and reactions to the radiocontrast material administered for diagnostic tests are well known. This review describes factors that put patients at risk of kidney damage from drug use and outlines how to clinically diagnose adverse reactions. The most appropriate way to deal with drug-induced renal toxicity is through prevention.     

Nutrient utilization by sheep and performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed crab waste-straw silage

Exacerbations of asthma have been associated with exposure to ozone or particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). We postulated in this study that the association of summertime air pollution (i.e. ozone and PM10) with acute respiratory symptoms, medication use and peak expiratory flow differs among patients grouped according to asthma severity. During the summer of 1995, effects of ambient air pollution on these parameters were studied in a panel of 60 nonsmoking patients with intermittent to severe persistent asthma. These patients were recruited from our Pulmonary Out-patient Clinic. Subgroup analysis was performed on the degree of hyperresponsiveness and lung steroid use before the start of the study, as indictors for the severity of asthma. Associations of the parameters studied with ozone, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and black smoke were evaluated using time series analysis. Several episodes with increased summertime air pollution occurred during the 96 day study period. Eight hour average ozone concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (120 microg x m(-3)) on 16 occasions. Daily mean levels of PM10 were moderately elevated (range 16-98 microg x m(-3)). Levels of the other measured pollutants were low. There was a consistent, positive association of the prevalence of shortness of breath (maximal relative risk (RRmax) 1.18) with ozone, PM10, black smoke and NO2. In addition, bronchodilator use was associated with both ozone and PM10 levels (RRmax 1.16). Stratification by airway hyperresponsiveness and steroid use did not affect the magnitude of the observed associations. No associations with peak expiratory flow measurements were found. We conclude that the severity of asthma is not an indicator for the sensitivity to air pollution.     

Modern methods of medical rehabilitation in traumatic detachment of retina

Condition was studied of collective specific immunity against diphtheria in vaccinated children who ranged from 2 to 15 years old, living in the industrial region of Pridneprovye, with special reference for the degree of the technogenous environmental pollution. To determine specific cellular sensibilization to diphtherial antigen. LAIT was used for the first time. The studies made showed that in a region under health-hazard conditions lower level of antitoxic antidiphtherial immunity occurs more frequently than in non-polluted areas (twice as much of the values), which fact suggests that technologeous pollution may have a suppressive effect on formation of postvaccinal immunity. Apart from measuring the level of specific antibodies for control of the formation of the immune responsiveness to be monitored you may use LAIT and measure levels of R-proteins.     

Manifestations of scleroderma pulmonary disease

Scleroderma is a multisystem disease of unknown cause characterized by synthesis and deposition of excessive extracellular matrix and vascular anti-GBM antibodies, leading to pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis with rapidly progressive renal insufficiency. Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved our ability to recognize the syndrome, distinguish it from other similar disorders, and offer successful treatment. This article focuses on the pathogenetic features, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic principles of anti-GBM disease.     

Beta-lactamase inhibitors: agents to overcome bacterial resistance

Parental illness can have a profound impact on family relationships and children's behaviour. The amount and nature of communication between parents and children about the illness can play an important role, both positively and negatively, in mediating the outcomes. When children have a disability, families can be reluctant to communicate with them about family difficulties. They are often concerned about the impact that parental unavailability may have on their child's life. This paper reports on three families in which the mother was diagnosed with breast cancer and one child in the family had a disability. The extent and specific characteristics of their communication about the maternal illness with their children, behavioural changes in the children, explanations of communication strategies and attributions of behavioural changes are described. Family coping strategies are examined with reference to Lazarus's process model of stress and coping and the use of either problem-focused or emotion-focused strategies. Implications for possible clinical interventions are proposed. In particular it is suggested that families be offered consultation about: what children might understand; ways in which to communicate effectively; and strategies for coping with the long-term implications of serious parental illness.